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Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

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Bacterial cell surface display: a method for studying Japanese encephalitis virus pathogenicity.

Jianlin Dou1, Janet Daly, Zhiming Yuan

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes acute encephalitis in humans.
  • JEV is a mosquito-borne, neurotropic flavivirus.
  • Understanding JEV pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel bacterial display system for studying JEV.
  • To investigate the potential of recombinant Salmonella typhimurium expressing JEV proteins to mitigate JEV-induced cell damage.
  • To assess the feasibility of using this system to study JEV pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed recombinant Salmonella typhimurium BRD509 to display JEV domain III (JEDIII) using ice nucleation protein (INPN).
  • Confirmed bacterial surface display via Western blot and immunohistochemistry.
  • Evaluated cell binding, bacterial invasiveness, apoptosis-related gene expression, and DNA damage in SK-N-SH cells.

Main Results:

  • Successful surface display of JEDIII on Salmonella was confirmed.
  • The recombinant bacterium showed reduced cell damage and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells compared to the parent strain.
  • JEDIII display did not significantly affect bacterial invasiveness.

Conclusions:

  • It is feasible to use recombinant Salmonella displaying JEV proteins to study JEV pathogenesis.
  • JEDIII may play a role in limiting apoptosis during early JEV infection.
  • This approach provides a potential platform for developing JEV interventions.