Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...
Chemotaxis in E. coli01:27

Chemotaxis in E. coli

Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli is a sensory-driven motility mechanism that enables bacteria to navigate chemical gradients, moving toward beneficial environments while avoiding harmful conditions. This process relies on a signal transduction system integrating external chemical cues with flagellar motor control.Chemoreceptors and Signal DetectionE. coli detects chemical gradients through methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), which are membrane-bound chemoreceptors that sense attractants...
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases01:26

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Receptor tyrosine kinases or RTKs are membrane-bound receptors that phosphorylate specific tyrosine on protein substrates. RTKs regulate cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and migration. They contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytosolic tail with intrinsic kinase activity. Several extracellular signaling molecules activate RTKs in one or more ways and relay the signal downstream. Ligands such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or...
Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins

Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein modulates CXCR4 clustering and dynamics on the T cell membrane.

eLife·2026
Same author

Cholesterol oxidase treatment impairs CXCR4-mediated T cell migration.

Cell communication and signaling : CCS·2025
Same author

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition Sensitizes Group 3 Medulloblastoma to Radiotherapy.

Cancer research·2025
Same author

A forward genetic screen identifies potassium channel essentiality in SHH medulloblastoma maintenance.

Developmental cell·2025
Same author

Allosteric modulation of the CXCR4:CXCL12 axis by targeting receptor nanoclustering via the TMV-TMVI domain.

eLife·2024
Same author

The complex nature of CXCR4 mutations in WHIM syndrome.

Frontiers in immunology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum
09:40

Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum

Published on: September 20, 2011

Chemokine receptor dimerization and chemotaxis.

José Miguel Rodríguez-Frade1, Laura Martinez Muñoz, Borja L Holgado

  • 1Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Chemokine receptors, crucial for immune responses, function as dimers. Understanding their cell surface conformations is key to deciphering their roles in inflammation and disease.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Dictyostelium discoideum Response to Acute Mechanical Stimulation
10:40

Assessment of Dictyostelium discoideum Response to Acute Mechanical Stimulation

Published on: November 9, 2017

Imaging G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Chemotaxis and its Signaling Events in Neutrophil-like HL60 Cells
08:24

Imaging G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Chemotaxis and its Signaling Events in Neutrophil-like HL60 Cells

Published on: September 14, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum
09:40

Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum

Published on: September 20, 2011

Assessment of Dictyostelium discoideum Response to Acute Mechanical Stimulation
10:40

Assessment of Dictyostelium discoideum Response to Acute Mechanical Stimulation

Published on: November 9, 2017

Imaging G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Chemotaxis and its Signaling Events in Neutrophil-like HL60 Cells
08:24

Imaging G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Chemotaxis and its Signaling Events in Neutrophil-like HL60 Cells

Published on: September 14, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chemokines are proteins that trigger biological responses like immune and inflammatory reactions.
  • Chemokine receptors, initially thought to be monomers, are now known to function as oligomers.
  • Understanding receptor conformations is vital for studying inflammatory mediators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conformations of chemokine receptors at the cell surface.
  • To explore how receptor oligomerization influences signaling pathways.
  • To provide a foundation for understanding chemokine-mediated biological responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized conventional biochemical and genetic techniques.
  • Employed advanced imaging methods, including resonance energy transfer.
  • Applied in vitro and in vivo assays to assess chemokine receptor functions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that chemokine receptors exist and function as homo- and heterodimers on the cell membrane.
  • Showed that ligand binding stabilizes specific receptor conformations.
  • Identified distinct signaling cascades activated by different receptor conformations.

Conclusions:

  • Chemokine receptor dimerization is essential for their function.
  • Analysis of receptor conformations is critical for understanding chemokine signaling.
  • This research provides insights into inflammatory processes and potential therapeutic targets.