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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular hydrogen bonding...

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Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems
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Pressure-induced transformations in diborane: a Raman spectroscopic study.

Chitra Murli1, Yang Song

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.

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Diborane undergoes reversible structural transformations under high pressure, forming new solid phases detected by Raman spectroscopy. These changes reveal insights into the high-pressure behavior of electron-deficient molecules.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • High-pressure physics
  • Molecular spectroscopy

Background:

  • Diborane (B2H6) is an electron-deficient molecule known for its unique hydrogen bridge bonding.
  • Its structural chemistry and behavior under extreme conditions remain areas of significant interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pressure-induced structural transformations of diborane.
  • To characterize the new high-pressure phases of diborane using in situ Raman spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

  • In situ Raman spectroscopy was employed to probe diborane under varying pressures.
  • High pressures were applied to induce phase transitions, and spectral changes were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Diborane transformed into a new high-pressure phase I around 4 GPa, potentially resembling the low-temperature phase.
  • Above 6 GPa, a new phase II emerged, indicated by spectral changes like mode doubling and new internal/ring modes, suggesting an extended network structure.
  • A third high-pressure phase III was observed above 14 GPa.
  • All observed transformations were reversible upon pressure release.

Conclusions:

  • High pressure induces distinct structural transformations in diborane, leading to novel solid phases.
  • Raman spectroscopy is effective in identifying these pressure-induced phase transitions and characterizing the structural changes.
  • The reversibility of these transformations suggests potential for exploring diborane's behavior under dynamic pressure conditions.