Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Stages of General Anesthesia

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...

General Anesthesia: Overview

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The effect of oral dexamethasone on duration of analgesia after upper limb surgery under infraclavicular brachial plexus block: a randomised controlled trial.

Anaesthesia·2023

Same author

Pre-stroke socioeconomic status predicts upper limb motor recovery after inpatient neurorehabilitation.

Annals of medicine·2022

Same author

Exploring the limits of prolonged apnoea with high-flow nasal oxygen: an observational study.

Anaesthesia·2020

Same author

Red blood cell transfusion in surgery: an observational study of the trends in the USA from 2011 to 2016.

Anaesthesia·2019

Same author

Molecular imaging of neuroinflammation in patients after mild traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal <sup>123</sup> I-CLINDE single photon emission computed tomography study.

European journal of neurology·2019

Same author

Association of preoperative anaemia with postoperative morbidity and mortality: an observational cohort study in low-, middle-, and high-income countries.

British journal of anaesthesia·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

Depth of anaesthesia and post-operative cognitive dysfunction.

J Steinmetz¹, K S Funder, B T Dahl

¹Department of Anaesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. jacobsteinmetz@dadlnet.dk

Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica

|September 22, 2009

Summary

This study found no significant link between anesthesia depth and post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) one week after surgery. Further research is needed to understand factors influencing cognitive outcomes after general anesthesia.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Neuroscience
Geriatric Medicine

Background:

Previous research suggests deep anesthesia may improve post-surgical processing speed.
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a concern in older adults after surgery.
The relationship between anesthesia depth and POCD requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of anesthesia depth on POCD one week post-surgery.
To assess cognitive function using a standardized neuropsychological test battery.
To determine if specific anesthesia levels correlate with cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

Seventy patients over 60 undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery were included.
Anesthesia depth was monitored using the cerebral state index (CSI).
Cognitive function was assessed pre- and post-surgery; POCD was defined by a Z score > 1.96.

Main Results:

No significant difference in mean CSI between patients with and without POCD.
Cumulated time of deep (CSI<40) and light (CSI>60) anesthesia did not differ significantly.
No significant correlation was found between mean CSI and POCD severity (Z score).

Conclusions:

This study did not find a significant association between anesthesia depth and POCD one week after surgery.
The findings suggest that anesthesia depth, as measured by CSI, may not be a primary predictor of short-term POCD.
Further research is warranted to explore other potential contributing factors to post-operative cognitive dysfunction.