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In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
Published on: October 6, 2023
Thyroid hormone action during brain development: more questions than answers.
1Leibniz Institute for Age Research/Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|September 22, 2009
Summary
Thyroid hormone is crucial for brain development, especially the cerebellum. This review explores the impacts of thyroid hormone deficiency and highlights knowledge gaps in its cell-specific actions during brain maturation.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Endocrinology
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Thyroid hormone is vital for neurodevelopmental processes including neuronal migration, differentiation, myelination, and synaptogenesis.
- The cerebellum is a key target of thyroid hormone action during brain maturation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the consequences of thyroid hormone deficiency on brain development, with a focus on the cerebellum.
- To discuss the roles of deiodinases and transporters in regulating local thyroid hormone levels.
- To explore thyroid hormone receptors and target genes in brain maturation and identify knowledge gaps.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on thyroid hormone's role in brain development.
- Analysis of research on iodothyronine deiodinases and thyroid hormone transporters.
- Examination of current knowledge on thyroid hormone receptors and their target genes.
Main Results:
- Thyroid hormone deficiency significantly impacts brain development, particularly cerebellar maturation.
- Deiodinases and transporters are critical for modulating local thyroid hormone availability.
- Thyroid hormone receptors and their target genes play essential roles in brain maturation.
Conclusions:
- While significant progress has been made, the precise molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone's cell-specific effects in the brain remain largely unknown.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of thyroid hormone in brain development and address remaining open questions.
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