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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

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Mosquito-Associated Virus Isolation from Field-Collected Mosquitoes
06:41

Mosquito-Associated Virus Isolation from Field-Collected Mosquitoes

Published on: August 31, 2022

Zoonotic tick-borne flaviviruses.

Gerhard Dobler1

  • 1Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Department of Virology and Rickettsiology, Neuherbergstrasse 1, D-80937 Munich, Germany. gerharddobler@bundeswehr.org

Veterinary Microbiology
|September 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Tick-borne flaviviruses, including tick-borne encephalitis, pose significant medical and veterinary threats globally. Environmental changes may increase the importance of these arboviruses.

Area of Science:

  • Arbovirology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Tick-borne flaviviruses are significant arboviruses in Europe and Asia, causing diseases like tick-borne encephalitis with 10,000-15,000 annual human cases.
  • Other medically relevant tick-borne flaviviruses include louping-ill, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Kyasanur Forest Disease, Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever, and Powassan encephalitis.
  • Many tick-borne flaviviruses impact veterinary medicine, and some with unknown pathogenicity require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the medical and veterinary importance of various tick-borne flaviviruses.
  • To highlight less common but potentially significant tick-borne flaviviruses for differential diagnosis.
  • To discuss the potential impact of environmental changes on the distribution and importance of these viruses.

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Mosquito-Associated Virus Isolation from Field-Collected Mosquitoes
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Mosquito-Associated Virus Isolation from Field-Collected Mosquitoes

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Published on: March 13, 2018

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of medically and veterinarily important tick-borne flaviviruses.
  • Analysis of geographical distribution and disease prevalence.
  • Assessment of potential impact of environmental changes.

Main Results:

  • Tick-borne encephalitis is a major concern in Europe and Asia.
  • Several other tick-borne flaviviruses have localized or regional importance.
  • Powassan encephalitis is the only known pathogenic tick-borne flavivirus in North America.
  • Potential for increased medical and veterinary importance due to environmental changes.

Conclusions:

  • Tick-borne flaviviruses represent a diverse group of pathogens with significant global health implications.
  • Emerging and re-emerging tick-borne flaviviruses may increase in importance due to environmental shifts.
  • Continued surveillance and research are crucial for understanding and managing these arboviruses.