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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Polythene predicament.

Riya Jose1, Binila Chacko, Ramya Iyyadurai

  • 1Department of Medical Intensive Care, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|September 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A piece of aspirated polythene caused fluctuating airway pressures and hypoxemia in an organophosphate-poisoned patient requiring mechanical ventilation. Early bronchoscopy is crucial for diagnosing such unusual airway obstructions.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pulmonology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Hypoxemia is a frequent complication during mechanical ventilation.
  • Organophosphate poisoning presents unique challenges in patient management.

Observation:

  • A patient with organophosphate poisoning developed unexplained fluctuating and high airway pressures during mechanical ventilation.
  • Initial evaluations for patient, airway, or ventilator issues were inconclusive.

Findings:

  • A piece of polythene, likely aspirated from a poison container, was discovered obstructing the endotracheal tube.
  • This foreign body acted as a flap valve, causing intermittent and then persistent high airway pressures, leading to hypoxemia and low tidal volumes.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of thorough oral cavity inspection before endotracheal intubation.
  • Bronchoscopy should be considered early in diagnosing intermittent high airway pressures when common causes are ruled out.