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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
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Cannabinoid hyperemesis: a case series.

Michael W Donnino1, Michael N Cocchi, Joseph Miller

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|September 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is a condition causing severe vomiting in chronic cannabinoid users. Recognizing this syndrome is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment in emergency departments.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Cannabinoid use is widespread in the U.S., with increasing prevalence among young adults.
  • Traditionally, cannabinoids are used recreationally or for nausea relief.
  • Chronic cannabinoid abuse may paradoxically lead to cyclic vomiting syndrome, known as cannabinoid hyperemesis.

Observation:

  • This report details three cases of patients with chronic cannabinoid use presenting with severe nausea and vomiting.
  • Patients experienced recurrent emergency department visits and hospitalizations.
  • Diagnosis of cannabinoid hyperemesis was delayed due to extensive prior medical evaluations.

Findings:

  • Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is characterized by severe nausea and hyperemesis.
  • It occurs in the context of chronic cannabinoid consumption.
  • The syndrome can be mistaken for other gastrointestinal conditions.

Implications:

  • Given the high prevalence of cannabinoid use and interest in medical marijuana, cannabinoid hyperemesis may be increasingly encountered.
  • Emergency departments should consider cannabinoid hyperemesis in the differential diagnosis for patients with unexplained nausea and vomiting.
  • Early recognition can prevent unnecessary medical interventions and improve patient outcomes.