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Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage. When...

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Do subclinical electrographic seizure patterns affect heart rate and its variability?

Patrick Adjei¹, Rainer Surges, Catherine A Scott

¹Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK. p.adjei@ion.ucl.ac.uk

Epilepsy Research

|September 22, 2009

Summary

Autonomic changes like heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) during seizures offer limited value for pinpointing seizure origins. This study found minimal cardiac autonomic function changes during localized electrographic seizure patterns.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Cardiology
Epileptology

Background:

Autonomic symptoms during seizures can indicate the seizure onset zone.
Investigating heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) may offer insights into seizure localization.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if subclinical electrographic seizure patterns are associated with changes in HR and HRV.
To assess the localizing and lateralizing value of these autonomic changes.

Main Methods:

Reviewed intracranial video-EEG telemetry from 26 pharmacoresistant epilepsy patients.
Analyzed ultra-short-term HRV and HR changes during subclinical seizure patterns using 10s epochs.
Employed linear mixed regression models for statistical analysis.

Main Results:

Minimal HR increase observed during and after subclinical seizure patterns (80 to 82 bpm).
HR was significantly higher in left temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) versus right TLE patients (p=0.001).
HR changes in frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) correlated with the spatial extent of electrographic patterns (p=0.03).
No significant changes in mean HRV were detected during or after subclinical patterns.
HRV was lower in TLE patients with left-sided versus right-sided subclinical patterns.

Conclusions:

Minimal changes in cardiac autonomic function occur during highly localized electrographic seizure patterns.
These autonomic changes demonstrated no significant localizing or lateralizing value in epilepsy patients.