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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects
08:15

3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects

Published on: August 4, 2020

Customised fabricated implants after previous failed cranioplasty.

Raymond C W Goh1, Cheng-Nen Chang, Chun-Li Lin

  • 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kwei Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS
|September 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a cost-effective method for creating custom methyl methacrylate implants for cranial defect reconstruction. The technique proved safe and effective in patients with prior failed cranioplasty, achieving satisfactory cosmetic results.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Medical Device Manufacturing

Background:

  • Cranial defect reconstruction failures often lead to persistent contour deformities.
  • Previous bone grafts or implants may fail due to resorption or infection.
  • Alloplastic implants are often considered risky for revision surgeries due to infection concerns, though evidence is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a user-friendly, cost-effective method for fabricating custom methyl methacrylate implants.
  • To assess the efficacy and clinical outcomes of these implants in patients with failed cranioplasty.
  • To determine the safety and cosmetic results of using prefabricated alloplastic implants for cranial reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) for implant fabrication.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

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  • Applied the method to 31 patients with persistent cranial defects post-failed cranioplasty.
  • Analyzed implant fit, operating time, cosmesis, and complication rates.

    • Main Results:

    • All custom implants achieved a precise fit.
    • Significant reduction in operating time was observed.
    • Satisfactory cosmetic outcomes were achieved in most patients.
    • Infection requiring implant removal occurred in 9.7% of patients.
    • One case of dural tear required surgical repair.

    Conclusions:

    • Custom-fabricated alloplastic implants offer a safe, accurate, and efficient solution for cranial defect reconstruction.
    • This CAD/CAM method provides a viable option for patients with previously failed cranioplasties.
    • The technique effectively restores normal cranial contours with acceptable complication rates.