Effect of mass, oxidation state and duration of chronic ingestion on plutonium absorption in fed rats

The effects of time, mass and oxidation state on plutonium gastrointestinal absorption and tooth adsorption were studied during and after chronic ingestion of plutonium-238 (IV) or (VI) (1.55-15.60 kBq/ml) in 6.5 mM bicarbonate medium by fed rats via drinking water for 8 days to 3 months. Animals were killed during the ingestion to follow the kinetics of whole-body storage and clearance of plutonium. At 1.55 kBq/ml the amount of plutonium retained in the skeleton increased continuously during the 85 days of ingestion and reached a plateau thereafter. This plutonium retention was therefore dependent on the total mass administered but not proportional to this mass, as the fraction of administered plutonium retained decreased during the first 22 days of ingestion and then stabilized. This is reflected by the gastrointestinal transfer (f1), which had risen to (3.80 +/- 0.82) x 10(-5) on Day 3 of ingestion and then decreased to a stabilized value of (1.07 +/- 0.06) x 10(-5) from Day 30 to the end of the ingestion period. In the liver, the amount of plutonium retained reached a plateau, which lasted from Day 30 to the end of ingestion. The kidneys and spleen were also found to be retention sites. By Day 3 of ingestion, for a mass ingested of 5 x 10(-7) g/kg of body mass, the maximum mean value of f1 we found was smaller than the 10(-4) recommended by ICRP Report 30. The oxidation state had no effect on f1. Large plutonium deposition was observed on the teeth. For both oxidation states (IV) and (VI), about 0.10% of the administered dose was deposited on the teeth after 3 days of ingestion, whatever the plutonium concentration administered. However, whereas the amount of plutonium (IV) deposited did not change throughout the ingestion period, tooth deposition of plutonium (VI) decreased.