Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Eyewitness Memory

Eyewitness Memory

Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function like a...

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...

Deindividuation

Deindividuation

Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.

Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence

Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence

The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
H0: The two variables (factors)...

Introduction to Test of Independence

Introduction to Test of Independence

In statistics, the term independence means that one can directly obtain the probability of any event involving both variables by multiplying their individual probabilities. Tests of independence are chi-square tests involving the use of a contingency table of observed (data) values.
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:

Cognitive Dissonance

Cognitive Dissonance

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Post-<i>Dobbs</i> Psychiatric Exceptions in Abortion-Restricting States.

Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)·2024

Same author

Sleep disorders and criminal behavior.

Behavioral sciences & the law·2024

Same author

Red Mist and the Irresistible Defense of "Losing It".

The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law·2023

Same author

Criminal Justice Outcomes of Suicide by Cop Survivors.

The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law·2023

Same author

The Case Against "Excited Delirium".

The Journal of nervous and mental disease·2023

Same author

Suicide by Cop and Civil Liability for Police.

The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law·2023

Same journal

National Survey of Undergraduate and Graduate Medical Education Exposure to Correctional Psychiatry.

The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law·2026

Same journal

Pregnancy Criminalization in the United States.

The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law·2026

Same journal

In Reply.

The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law·2026

Same journal

Letter.

The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law·2026

Same journal

The American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Practice Resource for Managing Violence in State Hospitals with Forensic Patients.

The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law·2026

Same journal

Plea Bargaining Participation and Competency Evaluation Considerations.

The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

Drunk driving, implied consent, and self-incrimination.

Kehinde A Ogundipe¹, Kenneth J Weiss

¹Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Outpatient Psychiatry, 1427 Vine Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA. kehinde.ogundipe@drexelmed.edu

The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law

|September 22, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Drunk driving poses significant public safety risks. Recent legal decisions clarify that while drivers cannot refuse sobriety tests, police must issue adequate warnings before testing, impacting drunk driving cases.

More Related Videos

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors

Published on: March 27, 2019

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors

Published on: March 27, 2019

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

Area of Science:

Public Health
Law and Criminology
Forensic Science

Background:

Drunk driving is a major public health and safety concern.
Laws are in place for law enforcement to identify and sanction impaired drivers.
Motorists operating vehicles under the influence of alcohol are considered reckless per se.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the legal implications of drunk driving enforcement.
To examine the requirement of Miranda-type warnings in sobriety testing.
To discuss the impact of recent court decisions on drunk driving cases.

Main Methods:

Review of legal statutes and case law concerning drunk driving.
Analysis of appellate court decisions, specifically State v. Spell.
Discussion of the role of expert testimony in impaired driving cases.

Main Results:

Motorists generally cannot refuse roadside sobriety tests, including Breathalyzer tests.
Police officers have a duty to provide sufficient warnings before a motorist decides on testing.
Refusal of testing can be a separate offense, even if the drunk driving charge is dismissed.

Conclusions:

Recent legal interpretations emphasize the importance of proper police procedure in sobriety testing.
Understanding these procedures is crucial for both law enforcement and defendants in drunk driving cases.
The admissibility of evidence and the outcome of drunk driving charges can be influenced by procedural compliance.