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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Multi-material Ceramic-Based Components – Additive Manufacturing of Black-and-white Zirconia Components by Thermoplastic 3D-Printing (CerAM - T3DP)

Multi-material Ceramic-Based Components – Additive Manufacturing of Black-and-white Zirconia Components by Thermoplastic 3D-Printing (CerAM - T3DP)

Published on: January 7, 2019

Surface conditioning influences zirconia ceramic bonding.

M Kern¹, A Barloi, B Yang

¹Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany. mkern@proth.uni-kiel.de

Journal of Dental Research

|September 22, 2009

Summary

Omitting air-abrasion compromises long-term resin bonding to zirconia ceramic. Low-pressure air-abrasion with primers maintains bond strength while reducing surface roughness, offering a viable alternative.

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Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)

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Published on: December 16, 2019

Area of Science:

Dental materials science
Biomaterials engineering
Surface science

Background:

Durable resin bonding to zirconia ceramic is crucial for dental restorations.
Air-abrasion is typically required but may weaken the ceramic.
Reducing air-abrasion intensity or omitting it is desirable to preserve ceramic integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effect of omitting or reducing air-abrasion pressure on resin bonding to zirconia.
To determine if primers can compensate for reduced mechanical surface treatment.
To assess the long-term durability of resin bonds to zirconia under various surface conditions.

Main Methods:

Three surface conditions were tested: polished, air-abraded at 0.05 MPa, and air-abraded at 0.25 MPa.
Four priming conditions were investigated in conjunction with surface treatments.
Tensile bond strengths were measured after 3 days and 150 days of aging, including 37,500 thermal cycles.

Main Results:

Omitting air-abrasion led to bond failure during artificial aging, regardless of primer use.
Combining air-abrasion with primers significantly enhanced long-term resin bonding to zirconia.
Low-pressure air-abrasion (0.05 MPa) with adequate primers maintained bond strength while reducing surface roughness.

Conclusions:

Air-abrasion is essential for durable resin bonding to zirconia, even with primers.
Low-pressure air-abrasion combined with effective primers offers a promising method for achieving reliable and long-lasting bonds.
Optimizing surface treatment and primer application is key to successful zirconia bonding.