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Related Concept Videos

Directional Relays01:25

Directional Relays

Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
Differential Relays01:20

Differential Relays

Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
Bus Impedance Matrix01:24

Bus Impedance Matrix

Calculating subtransient fault currents for three-phase faults in an N-bus power system involves using the positive-sequence network. When a three-phase short circuit occurs at a specific bus, the analysis uses the superposition method to evaluate two separate circuits.
In the first circuit, all machine voltage sources are short-circuited, leaving only the prefault voltage source at the fault location. The positive-sequence bus impedance matrix can be determined by solving the nodal equations,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Impedance Combination01:21

Impedance Combination

Consider a string of christmas lights, each bulb symbolizing an impedance element. In this series configuration, the flow of electric current remains uniform across every component. This behavior aligns with Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL), which asserts that the total impedance in such a setup equals the sum of individual impedances—akin to resistors in series. It follows that the voltage from the power source is distributed proportionally among these components, adhering to the voltage division...
Clipper Circuit01:18

Clipper Circuit

A clipper circuit is a fundamental wave-shaping device that harnesses the unique properties of diodes to alter and control waveform characteristics. This technology is widely used in electronic devices, especially in television and radar communication systems, where it enhances waveform modulation in both transmitters and receivers.
The operation of a clipper circuit can be exemplified by analyzing a dual-clipper configuration setup that integrates two ideal diodes, each paired with a biasing...

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Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo
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Published on: March 19, 2016

Mismatched directional couplers.

A W Snyder, Y Chen, D Rowland

    Optics Letters
    |September 22, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Mismatched twin-core optical fiber couplers enable efficient power transfer. These devices offer insights into nonlinear coupling mechanisms by mimicking periodic core mismatches.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Fiber Optic Devices
    • Nonlinear Optics

    Background:

    • Twin-core optical fiber couplers are essential for optical signal manipulation.
    • Matched couplers typically require precise fabrication for efficient power transfer.
    • Understanding coupling mechanisms is crucial for device design and performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the power transfer capabilities of mismatched twin-core optical fiber couplers.
    • To explore the potential of mismatched couplers as models for nonlinear coupling.
    • To analyze the impact of fiber mismatch on coupling length.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of linear coupling in mismatched fiber couplers.
    • Numerical simulations of power transfer in tapered and piecewise-continuous mismatched couplers.
    • Comparison of coupling lengths for matched and mismatched configurations.

    Main Results:

    • Mismatched couplers demonstrate complete power transfer over moderately increased lengths compared to matched couplers.
    • Tapered and piecewise-continuous mismatched couplers exhibit efficient power transfer.
    • Linear mismatched couplers serve as valuable models for understanding nonlinear coupling phenomena.

    Conclusions:

    • Mismatched twin-core optical fiber couplers offer a practical approach to achieving efficient power transfer.
    • These couplers provide a simplified model for studying complex nonlinear coupling effects.
    • The findings have implications for the design of advanced optical fiber devices.