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Related Concept Videos

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics01:27

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics

When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
Consider a case where both the mediums across a boundary are two different dielectric materials. Recall that the electric field and electric displacement are proportional and related through the material's permittivity.
Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
08:48

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Published on: September 25, 2020

Spatial walk-off polarizer utilizing artificial anisotropic dielectrics.

K Shiraishi, S Kawakami

    Optics Letters
    |September 22, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a novel spatial walk-off polarizer using artificial anisotropic dielectrics. This new polarizer achieves a significantly larger beam separation angle, promising smaller optical devices.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and optical engineering
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Traditional polarizers often rely on birefringent crystals, which can limit device size and performance.
    • Developing new materials for optical components is crucial for advancing photonic technologies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel spatial walk-off polarizer design utilizing artificial anisotropic dielectrics.
    • To investigate the performance characteristics of a polarizer made from periodically laminated a-Si/SiO(2) layers.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a polarizer using two types of periodically laminated dielectric layers.
    • Calculation and analysis of the optical characteristics of the proposed polarizer.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed polarizer, using a-Si/SiO(2) layers, exhibits a beam split angle over three times larger than that of traditional birefringent crystals like rutile and calcite.

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    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
    08:48

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    Published on: September 25, 2020

    Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
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    Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

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    Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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  • Demonstrated significant spatial separation between ordinary and extraordinary wave components.

    • Conclusions:

    • Artificial anisotropic dielectrics offer a promising route for high-performance optical polarizers.
    • The developed polarizer design has the potential for miniaturizing polarization beam splitters and polarization-independent isolators.