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Related Concept Videos

Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
LC Circuits01:21

LC Circuits

An LC circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor, either in series or parallel. Consider a charged capacitor connected with an inductor in series. Before the switch is closed, all the energy of the circuit is stored in the electric field of the capacitor. When the switch is closed, the capacitor begins to discharge, producing a current in the circuit. The current, in turn, creates a magnetic field in the inductor. Because of the induced emf in the inductor, the current cannot change...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

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Published on: April 4, 2017

Corner-cube retroreflectors for optical chip-to-chip interconnections.

Y Sheng

    Optics Letters
    |September 22, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Slightly misaligned corner-cube retroreflectors offer robust optical chip-to-chip interconnections. Their design minimizes alignment sensitivity, simplifying optical systems and reducing manufacturing costs.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Optical chip-to-chip interconnections are crucial for high-speed data transfer.
    • Precise alignment of optical components is a significant challenge in system design.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and design corner-cube retroreflectors with modified dihedral angles for optical interconnections.
    • To investigate the retroreflective properties and alignment tolerance of these modified corner cubes.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a ray-tracing algorithm to model light propagation.
    • Employing an iteration procedure for designing corner cubes based on source and image positions.

    Main Results:

    • Corner-cube retroreflectors with dihedral angles deviating from 90 degrees exhibit stable spot patterns.

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    Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

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    High-Throughput Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence and Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy Using a Photonic Chip
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  • The retroreflective property remains largely invariant to the incident angle, reducing alignment sensitivity.
  • Conclusions:

    • Modified corner-cube retroreflectors significantly relax alignment requirements for optical chip-to-chip interconnections.
    • The presented design methodology enables the creation of robust optical interconnects with enhanced tolerance to misalignment.