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Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
05:57

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Published on: April 1, 2020

Integrated-optical array generator.

M M Downs, J Jahns

    Optics Letters
    |September 22, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers developed an optical system to split a single laser beam into an N x N array of equal-intensity beams using integrated grating and diffractive lens technology.

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    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
    05:57

    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

    Published on: April 1, 2020

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Microfabrication
    • Laser Technology

    Background:

    • Laser beam splitting is crucial for various applications, including optical sensing and parallel processing.
    • Existing methods for beam splitting can be complex or lack efficiency in creating uniform intensity arrays.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel optical system for splitting a single laser beam into an N x N array of equal-intensity beams.
    • To integrate optical components onto a single substrate for a compact and efficient beam-splitting solution.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a single planar quartz-glass substrate integrating a grating and a diffractive lens.
    • Utilizing photolithography and thin-film deposition to create multiple discrete phase levels for the optical elements.

    Main Results:

    • Successful demonstration of an optical system capable of splitting one laser beam into an N x N array.
    • Achieved equal intensity distribution among the split beams.

    Conclusions:

    • The integrated optical system offers a compact and efficient method for generating multiple equal-intensity laser beams.
    • This technology has potential applications in areas requiring parallel optical processing and sensing.