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Related Concept Videos

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such as  cells...
SDS-PAGE01:27

SDS-PAGE

Gel electrophoresis is a method that separates biological macromolecules like nucleic acids or proteins by forcing them to pass through a gel matrix under an electric field.
A variation of gel electrophoresis, termed  polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), is commonly used for separating proteins according to their molecular size by passing them through a polyacrylamide gel. Because of the varying charges associated with amino acid side chains, PAGE can be used to separate intact proteins...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis02:35

DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Agarose gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique commonly used to separate DNA fragments by size. However, it can also be used to isolate and purify DNA fragments using a gel extraction protocol.
Gel extraction follows five major steps: running gel electrophoresis to separate fragments, isolating the individual bands, extracting DNA from those bands, and removing the dye and salts from the extracted mixture to obtain pure DNA.
In cloning experiments, both the insert and vector DNA...
Southern Blot02:57

Southern Blot

Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE)
10:52

Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE)

Published on: February 25, 2007

Single nucleotide polymorphism screening with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.

Leslie A Knapp1

  • 1Primate Immunogenetics and Molecular Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) efficiently detects DNA sequence variations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This method offers a powerful alternative to sequencing for analyzing genetic differences in large sample sets.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is a technique that exploits differences in DNA denaturation rates based on nucleotide composition.
  • DGGE is commonly used for detecting multiple nucleotide polymorphisms but is also effective for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive guide to DGGE methodology.
  • To illustrate the application of DGGE for SNP and multiple nucleotide polymorphism detection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing computer software to predict SNP detectability and optimize PCR primers with GC clamps.
  • Employing perpendicular DGGE to determine optimal denaturing gradients for specific DNA sequences.
  • Applying parallel DGGE for high-throughput screening of numerous samples.

Main Results:

  • DGGE can effectively screen for both SNPs and multiple nucleotide polymorphisms.
  • Computational tools can predict the feasibility of SNP detection using DGGE.
  • DGGE offers a more efficient alternative to cloning and sequencing for genetic analysis.

Conclusions:

  • DGGE is a versatile and efficient technique for identifying DNA sequence variations.
  • The method streamlines the analysis of genetic polymorphisms, particularly in large-scale studies.
  • DGGE provides a valuable tool for genetic research, including studies of the major histocompatibility complex.