Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Effects of Chemicals: Overview01:27

Effects of Chemicals: Overview

Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
Cycloalkanes02:28

Cycloalkanes

Cycloalkanes are saturated cyclic hydrocarbons with carbon atoms arranged in the form of rings. They have two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding acyclic alkane; therefore, their general formula is CnH2n. The structural formulas of cycloalkanes are simplified using the line-angle representation. The regular polygons are used to represent the cycloalkane rings, with each side representing a carbon-carbon bond.
The IUPAC nomenclature of cycloalkanes follows similar rules that apply to...
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview01:32

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview

Cyanohydrins are compounds that contain –CN and –OH groups on the same carbon atom. They are formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ions to the carbonyl group. Cyanide ions are highly basic and nucleophilic and can be generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. However, since HCN is a weak acid, the number of cyanide ions generated is very small. Hence, a small amount of base or KCN/NaCN is added to HCN to increase the concentration of the cyanide ions in the reaction mixture.
Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones: Introduction01:23

Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones: Introduction

Protecting groups are compounds that can bind to a specific functional group in the presence of other functional groups to protect them from undesired chemical reactions. These compounds can selectively bind to particular functional groups and advance chemoselective reactions in polyfunctional systems (Figure 1). After the functional group has served its purpose, it is removed by reacting it with specific compounds.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Asthma - Addendum 2020 - Guideline of the German Respiratory Society and the German Atemwegsliga in Cooperation with the Paediatric Respiratory Society and the Austrian Society of Pneumology].

Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany)·2021
Same author

[Assessment of Asbestos-related Occupational Diseases: Socio-medical and Legal Aspects].

Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany)·2020
Same author

[Diagnostic Challenges of Mixed Dust Silicosis (Mixed Dust Pneumoconiosis) - 5 Case Reports].

Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany)·2020
Same author

[COPD due to Occupational Noxae].

Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany)·2018
Same author

[Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Asthma - Guideline of the German Respiratory Society and the German Atemwegsliga in Cooperation with the Paediatric Respiratory Society and the Austrian Society of Pneumology].

Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany)·2018
Same author

Misleading "New Insights into the Chrysotile Debate".

Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany)·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Collection and Extraction of Occupational Air Samples for Analysis of Fungal DNA
12:02

Collection and Extraction of Occupational Air Samples for Analysis of Fungal DNA

Published on: May 2, 2018

[New data on occupational exposure to isocyanates].

X Baur1, L T Budnik

  • 1Ordinariat und Zentralinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin und Maritime Medizin, Hamburg. baur@uke.uni-hamburg.de

Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany)
|September 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Industrial isocyanate use is growing, but safety regulations lag behind. Current rules for oligomeric and polymeric isocyanates, like TRGS 430, are not fully implemented, posing occupational health risks.

More Related Videos

Vinyl Chloride and High-Fat Diet as a Model of Environment and Obesity Interaction
09:15

Vinyl Chloride and High-Fat Diet as a Model of Environment and Obesity Interaction

Published on: January 12, 2020

Assessment of the Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Airborne Particles by Exposing Cultivated Human Lung Cells at the Air-Liquid Interface
10:10

Assessment of the Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Airborne Particles by Exposing Cultivated Human Lung Cells at the Air-Liquid Interface

Published on: February 23, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Collection and Extraction of Occupational Air Samples for Analysis of Fungal DNA
12:02

Collection and Extraction of Occupational Air Samples for Analysis of Fungal DNA

Published on: May 2, 2018

Vinyl Chloride and High-Fat Diet as a Model of Environment and Obesity Interaction
09:15

Vinyl Chloride and High-Fat Diet as a Model of Environment and Obesity Interaction

Published on: January 12, 2020

Assessment of the Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Airborne Particles by Exposing Cultivated Human Lung Cells at the Air-Liquid Interface
10:10

Assessment of the Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Airborne Particles by Exposing Cultivated Human Lung Cells at the Air-Liquid Interface

Published on: February 23, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health and Safety
  • Industrial Toxicology
  • Chemical Regulation

Context:

  • The industrial application of isocyanates has significantly expanded, leading to a diverse range of products with varied properties.
  • Despite rapid technological advancements, there is a notable delay in establishing comprehensive occupational health and safety regulations for isocyanate use.
  • Adverse health effects, including toxic and allergic reactions, are primarily linked to inhalative and cutaneous exposure to isocyanates.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the current regulatory landscape for isocyanates, particularly oligomeric and polymeric types, within industrial settings.
  • To assess the practical implementation and effectiveness of existing regulations, such as the Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances 430 (TRGS 430).
  • To highlight the gap between technical development in isocyanate use and the corresponding occupational health and safety measures.

Summary:

  • Oligomeric and polymeric isocyanates, widely used in industry, are subject to TRGS 430 but not mandatory occupational medical surveillance.
  • TRGS 430 aids risk assessment by considering factors like aerosol size and acute irritative effects for an evaluation factor.
  • Findings indicate that this new regulation has not yet been practically implemented, despite its potential to facilitate risk assessment.

Impact:

  • The findings underscore a critical gap in occupational health and safety, where regulatory frameworks lag behind industrial advancements in isocyanate applications.
  • Highlights the need for effective implementation of regulations like TRGS 430 to mitigate health risks associated with isocyanate exposure.
  • Emphasizes the importance of aligning safety protocols with industrial growth to protect worker health from chemical hazards.