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Related Concept Videos

DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the lytic replication...
Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects its...

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Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda
06:10

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Published on: October 14, 2011

Three complementation groups in bacteriophage R17.

G N Gussin1

  • 1The Biological Laboratories, Havard University, Cambridge Massachusetts, USA.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|September 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complementation analysis of R17 phage mutants identified three essential cistrons (A, B, C) involved in phage production. A polar mutant revealed polarity mechanisms in phage gene expression.

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CAPRRESI: Chimera Assembly by Plasmid Recovery and Restriction Enzyme Site Insertion
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CAPRRESI: Chimera Assembly by Plasmid Recovery and Restriction Enzyme Site Insertion

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bacteriophage R17 is a single-stranded RNA virus.
  • Gene expression in bacteriophages is crucial for understanding viral replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize the functional genes (cistrons) of bacteriophage R17.
  • To investigate the phenomenon of polarity in phage gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Complementation analysis using amber mutants of R17.
  • Characterization of mutant phenotypes related to phage particle synthesis, coat protein, and RNA synthetase.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct phage cistrons were identified: A (phage particle synthesis), B (coat protein), and C (RNA synthetase).
  • A polar mutant in cistron B was discovered, which simultaneously affected the synthesis of both coat protein and RNA synthetase.
  • Two models explaining polarity in ribosome-interaction during phage messenger RNA translation were proposed.

Conclusions:

  • Bacteriophage R17 genome is organized into at least three cistrons with distinct functions.
  • Polarity in gene expression is a significant factor in R17 phage development, potentially involving translational coupling or ribosome-mediated regulation.