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Related Concept Videos

Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
The Functions of the Skeletal System01:22

The Functions of the Skeletal System

The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
10:53

A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging

Published on: September 17, 2013

[Concept of functional somatic syndromes].

Mikihiko Fukunaga1, Yoshihide Nakai

  • 1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|September 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Functional somatic syndromes (FSS) address medically unexplained physical symptoms. This new terminology integrates physical and psychological dimensions for a holistic patient understanding.

Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology

Context:

  • Primary care physicians encounter patients with persistent, medically unexplained physical symptoms.
  • Psychiatrists often interpret these symptoms as manifestations of psychological conflicts or somatoform disorders.

Purpose:

  • To introduce and define the new terminology "functional somatic syndromes" (FSS).
  • To bridge the gap between primary care and psychiatric perspectives on unexplained physical symptoms.
  • To provide insights for understanding patients with FSS.

Summary:

  • Functional somatic syndromes (FSS) represent a novel medical concept integrating physical symptoms with psychological factors.
  • This approach moves beyond viewing symptoms in isolation, emphasizing a holistic patient model.

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In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
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Published on: September 17, 2013

A Functional Motor Unit in the Culture Dish: Co-culture of Spinal Cord Explants and Muscle Cells
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A Functional Motor Unit in the Culture Dish: Co-culture of Spinal Cord Explants and Muscle Cells

Published on: April 12, 2012

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  • The special issue explores the multi-dimensional nature of FSS.
  • Impact:

    • Aims to enhance the understanding and management of FSS for primary care physicians in Japan.
    • Facilitates a more comprehensive approach to patient care by considering both somatic and psychological aspects.
    • Promotes better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients presenting with unexplained physical complaints.