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Related Concept Videos

Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan01:25

Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan

Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS):
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and solid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

[Gastroenterology and FSS].

Kazunari Tominaga1, Masahiro Ochi, Toshio Watanabe

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|September 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), including functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), involve complex gut issues. Research is exploring their pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies due to a lack of established treatments.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Neurogastroenterology
  • Medical Sciences
  • Somatic Symptom Disorders

Context:

  • Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), such as functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are classified as functional somatic syndromes (FSS).
  • These conditions are characterized by medically unexplained physical symptoms within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
  • The pathophysiology involves multifactorial disruptions, including brain-gut interactions, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, motility issues, inflammation, and altered visceral perception.

Purpose:

  • To review current evidence on the pathophysiology of FD and IBS.
  • To discuss emerging therapeutic strategies for these FGIDs.
  • To address the challenges in identifying predominant causative factors for individualized treatment.

Summary:

  • FGIDs like FD and IBS present complex multifactorial pathophysiology.
  • Current standard therapies are not well-established due to heterogeneity among patients.
  • Accumulating evidence guides the development of targeted pathophysiological and therapeutic approaches.

Impact:

  • Improved understanding of FGID mechanisms.
  • Potential for novel, personalized treatment strategies for functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome.
  • Advancement in the management of medically unexplained GI symptoms.