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General Anesthesia: Overview

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...

Stages of General Anesthesia

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...

Health Information Technology and Healthcare Information System

Health Information Technology and Healthcare Information System

Health Information Technology (HIT)
Health Information Technology, commonly called HIT, integrates advanced information systems and technology in healthcare settings. Its primary functions include:

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Use of a Low-flow Digital Anesthesia System for Mice and Rats

Use of a Low-flow Digital Anesthesia System for Mice and Rats

Published on: September 7, 2016

Anesthesia information management systems.

Stanley Muravchick¹

¹Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283, USA. muravchst@uphs.upenn.edu

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology

|September 23, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Anesthesia Information Management Systems (AIMS) have evolved into essential tools for modern healthcare, yet their adoption remains limited. Behavioral and financial barriers, not technical issues, hinder widespread implementation of these vital systems.

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Use of an Integrated Low-Flow Anesthetic Vaporizer, Ventilator, and Physiological Monitoring System for Rodents

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Use of a Low-flow Digital Anesthesia System for Mice and Rats

Use of a Low-flow Digital Anesthesia System for Mice and Rats

Published on: September 7, 2016

Use of an Integrated Low-Flow Anesthetic Vaporizer, Ventilator, and Physiological Monitoring System for Rodents

Use of an Integrated Low-Flow Anesthetic Vaporizer, Ventilator, and Physiological Monitoring System for Rodents

Published on: July 9, 2020

Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Health Informatics

Background:

Anesthesia Information Management Systems (AIMS) have evolved significantly from basic record-keeping to integral components of medical information networks.
The decreasing cost of hardware has made AIMS widely accessible as off-the-shelf software solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in the evolution and implementation of AIMS in clinical practice.
To comment on the current state and future trajectory of AIMS adoption.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent developments in AIMS.
Analysis of AIMS implementation trends and challenges.

Main Results:

Despite cost reductions and increased availability, AIMS are utilized in a minority of practices.
AIMS databases are increasingly used for establishing best practices and analyzing patient outcomes.
Searchable, timed, and dated perioperative documentation from AIMS is becoming a standard requirement.

Conclusions:

The primary obstacles to AIMS adoption are behavioral and financial, rather than technical limitations.
Widespread implementation of AIMS is crucial for advancing contemporary anesthetic practice and improving patient care outcomes.