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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...

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Phase measurement for surface infrared-visible sum-frequency generation.

R Superfine, J Y Huang, Y R Shen

    Optics Letters
    |September 23, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers measured the phase of infrared-visible sum-frequency generation (SFG) signals for the first time. These new techniques determine atomic polar orientation in adsorbed molecules.

    Area of Science:

    • Surface science
    • Nonlinear optics
    • Molecular spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Sum-frequency generation (SFG) is a powerful technique for studying surfaces and interfaces.
    • Measuring the phase of the SFG signal provides richer information than intensity alone.
    • Understanding molecular orientation at surfaces is crucial for catalysis and materials science.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the first measurements of the phase of infrared-visible sum-frequency generation (SFG) signals.
    • To introduce novel techniques for phase measurement in SFG spectroscopy.
    • To demonstrate the application of these techniques for determining the polar orientation of atoms in adsorbed molecules.

    Main Methods:

    • Development and implementation of two new experimental techniques for phase-sensitive SFG measurements.

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  • Application of phase-resolved SFG spectroscopy to probe molecular adsorbates.
  • Analysis of SFG spectra to extract information on atomic polar orientation.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful measurement of the phase of the infrared-visible SFG signal, a previously unachieved capability.
    • Demonstration of the ability to determine the polar orientation of specific atoms within adsorbed molecules.
    • Validation of the introduced techniques through application to model systems.

    Conclusions:

    • Phase-resolved SFG spectroscopy is a viable and powerful tool for surface molecular analysis.
    • The developed techniques offer new avenues for characterizing molecular orientation at interfaces.
    • This work advances the understanding of molecular behavior in adsorbed systems.