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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain
08:07

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain

Published on: July 25, 2022

[Vaccine safety].

K Weisser1, I Barth, B Keller-Stanislawski

  • 1Bundesinstitut für Sera und Impfstoffe (PEI), Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225, Langen. weika@pei.de

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
|September 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vaccine safety is rigorously tested, but very rare side effects can emerge post-market. Public concern over these risks, often exaggerated, can lower vaccination rates, increasing disease outbreaks.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Public Health
  • Pharmacovigilance

Context:

  • Vaccines are crucial for preventing infectious diseases, with high safety standards.
  • Public perception of vaccine risks has grown, partly due to the success of vaccination programs.
  • This has led to increased awareness of both real and perceived adverse events following immunization (AEFI).

Purpose:

  • To review the scientific evidence on the causality and frequency of specific AEFI.
  • To address concerns regarding vaccine risks versus benefits.
  • To provide a balanced perspective on vaccine safety and potential adverse events.

Summary:

  • Vaccine safety is ensured through extensive pre-clinical and clinical testing, identifying common and rare adverse events.
  • Very rare adverse events may only become apparent after widespread vaccine use.
  • Declining vaccination rates due to fear of rare events can lead to resurgence of preventable diseases.

Impact:

  • Accurate assessment of AEFI is vital for maintaining public trust in vaccination.
  • Understanding the true frequency and causality of AEFI helps in risk-benefit communication.
  • This review aims to counter misinformation and support informed decision-making regarding immunizations.