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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

In Vitro Evaluation of The Effects Of Er,Cr:YSGG and Diode Lasers Used on Titanium Cylinder
07:05

In Vitro Evaluation of The Effects Of Er,Cr:YSGG and Diode Lasers Used on Titanium Cylinder

Published on: June 6, 2025

Two- and three-dimensional profilometer assessments to determine titanium roughness.

A Canabarro1, F Figueiredo, S Paciornik

  • 1Department of Periodontology, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. canabarro@uva.br

Scanning
|September 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Three-dimensional (3D) profilometry is superior for analyzing titanium (Ti) surface roughness compared to two-dimensional (2D) methods. This study compared sandblasted (SB) and sandblasted, acid-etched (SLA) Ti surfaces, finding 3D analysis better describes surface organization.

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Plasma Polishing as a New Polishing Option to Reduce the Surface Roughness of Porous Titanium Alloy for 3D Printing
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

In Vitro Evaluation of The Effects Of Er,Cr:YSGG and Diode Lasers Used on Titanium Cylinder
07:05

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Published on: June 6, 2025

Plasma Polishing as a New Polishing Option to Reduce the Surface Roughness of Porous Titanium Alloy for 3D Printing
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Plasma Polishing as a New Polishing Option to Reduce the Surface Roughness of Porous Titanium Alloy for 3D Printing

Published on: April 28, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Engineering
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Titanium (Ti) is widely used in dental and orthopedic implants due to its biocompatibility.
  • Surface topography significantly influences implant osseointegration and performance.
  • Accurate characterization of Ti surface roughness is crucial for optimizing implant design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of 2D and 3D profilometry in analyzing titanium surface topography.
  • To evaluate the surface roughness of sandblasted (SB), sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA), and control (C) titanium surfaces.
  • To determine the most appropriate method for characterizing Ti surface roughness.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of titanium surfaces using 2D and 3D profilometers.
  • Surface treatments included sandblasting (SB) with Al(2)O(3) and additional chemical etching (SLA) with 4% HF.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Ra roughness measurements were employed.
  • Amplitude, spatial, and hybrid 3D parameters were used for surface characterization.

Main Results:

  • 2D and 3D profilometer analyses yielded comparable Ra roughness values.
  • Mean Ra values differed significantly across the three surface types (C, SLA, SB).
  • 3D profilometry provided a more comprehensive description of surface organization beyond simple roughness.

Conclusions:

  • Both 2D and 3D profilometry can measure Ra roughness, but 3D analysis offers superior topographical insights.
  • The choice of profilometry method impacts the characterization of titanium surface roughness.
  • 3D profilometry is recommended for a more complete understanding of titanium surface topography for biomedical applications.