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Related Concept Videos

Persuasion Strategies01:52

Persuasion Strategies

Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions01:29

Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions

Aligning actions are communicative strategies individuals employ to maintain social harmony and preserve personal identity in the face of potential disruptions to social norms. These actions are particularly important in managing social impressions when one's behavior might be seen as inappropriate, incompetent, or morally questionable.Types of Aligning ActionsThe three principal types of aligning actions are disclaimers, accounts, and apologies.DisclaimersDisclaimers are preventive; they are...
Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant factor...
Understanding Deception01:14

Understanding Deception

Deception is a pervasive aspect of human communication. Empirical studies have shown that most individuals engage in some form of deceit on a daily basis, with approximately 20% of social exchanges involving deceptive elements. Lying follows a developmental trajectory, peaking during adolescence and declining with age, possibly due to the maturation of cognitive control and social accountability.Cognitive and Social Factors in Deception DetectionDespite its prevalence, accurately detecting...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

Promises and threats.

Melanie Evans, Matthew DoBias

    Modern Healthcare
    |September 23, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Six healthcare industry leaders proposed health reform initiatives that could reduce spending by $1 trillion to $1.7 trillion over ten years. Experts question if these proposals are sufficiently bold or detailed for significant impact.

    Area of Science:

    • Healthcare policy
    • Health economics

    Background:

    • Major healthcare industry players convened to address health reform.
    • Significant healthcare spending necessitates innovative solutions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline proposed health reform initiatives.
    • To project the potential impact of these initiatives on national healthcare spending.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of initiatives proposed in a letter to the President.
    • Economic projection of potential healthcare cost savings.

    Main Results:

    • Initiatives could potentially reduce healthcare spending by $1 trillion to $1.7 trillion over the next decade.
    • Expert opinion suggests the proposals may lack sufficient boldness and detail.

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    Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
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    Published on: September 12, 2014

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    Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

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    Conclusions:

    • The proposed health reform initiatives offer substantial potential cost savings.
    • Further evaluation is needed to determine the adequacy and feasibility of the outlined proposals.