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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
07:11

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

[Low T3 syndrome and left ventricular diastolic function].

Giuseppina Cassetti1, Massimiliano Pinelli, Massimo Bindi

  • 1Medicina Interna IV, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa.

Giornale Italiano Di Cardiologia (2006)
|September 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Low triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome is linked to early heart diastolic dysfunction. This study found impaired left ventricular relaxation in patients with low T3 syndrome, even without overt heart disease.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
07:11

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Thyroid Research

Background:

  • Low triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome is increasingly implicated in cardiac disease.
  • Diastolic dysfunction is an early indicator of cardiac failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate diastolic function in patients with low T3 syndrome.
  • To assess for early cardiac abnormalities in the absence of overt cardiovascular disease.

Main Methods:

  • Doppler echocardiography was performed on 34 patients with low T3 syndrome and 34 controls.
  • Exclusion criteria included cardiovascular disease, risk factors, thyroid disease, cachexia, and thyroid-affecting medications.

Main Results:

  • Patients with low T3 syndrome exhibited prolonged isovolumic relaxation time (120 vs 75 ms) and reduced early/late diastolic mitral flow velocity ratio (0.66 vs 2.05).
  • These diastolic abnormalities correlated with the degree of free T3 reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Low T3 syndrome is associated with impaired left ventricular relaxation.
  • Doppler echocardiography is a valuable non-invasive tool for assessing diastolic function in these patients.