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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants
Published on: February 10, 2023
Biotransformation of bromosesquiterpenes by marine fungi
Masahiro Koshimura1, Takamitsu Utsukihara, Mai Kawamoto
1Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan. k078551@eve.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
Abstract:
Biotransformation of bromosesquiterpenes was investigated with two types of fungi, Rhinocladiella atrovirens NRBC 32362 and also Rhinocladiella sp. K-001, isolated from the Okinawan brown alga Stypopodium zonale. R. atrovirens NRBC 32362 converted aplysistatin 1 into three compounds 5alpha-hydroxyaplysistatin 4, 5alpha-hydroxyisoaplysistatin 5 and 9beta-hydroxyaplysistatin 6. Transformation of 1, palisadin A 2 and 12-hydroxypalisadin B 3 by Rhinocladiella sp. K-001 gave two compounds, 3,4-dihydroaplysistatin 7 and 9,10-dehydrobromopalisadin A 8.
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Halogenation of Alkenes
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.

