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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome. Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome. Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

High Sensitivity Measurement of Transcription Factor-DNA Binding Affinities by Competitive Titration Using Fluorescence Microscopy

High Sensitivity Measurement of Transcription Factor-DNA Binding Affinities by Competitive Titration Using Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: February 7, 2019

GFI1B controls its own expression binding to multiple sites.

Eduardo Anguita¹, Ana Villegas, Francisco Iborra

¹Hematology Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain. eduardo.anguita@imm.ox.ac.uk

|September 24, 2009

Summary

Growth factor independent 1b (GFI1B) regulation involves conserved non-coding elements that activate and repress gene expression. This dynamic process controls GFI1B protein levels in cells, crucial for hematopoiesis.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

High Sensitivity Measurement of Transcription Factor-DNA Binding Affinities by Competitive Titration Using Fluorescence Microscopy

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Published on: February 7, 2019

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

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Comparing the Affinity of GTPase-binding Proteins using Competition Assays

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Published on: October 8, 2015

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Gene Regulation
Hematopoiesis

Background:

Transcription factors are vital for normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
Growth factor independent 1b (GFI1B) is essential for erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation and is over-expressed in leukemia.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the regulatory mechanisms controlling GFI1B gene expression.
Identify conserved non-coding elements involved in GFI1B regulation.

Main Methods:

Searched for multispecies conserved non-coding elements near GFI1B.
Utilized FAIRE and DNase1 assays for chromatin conformation.
Performed ChIP assays for transcription factor binding and histone modifications.
Employed chromatin conformation capture and immunofluorescence to study GFI1B regulation.

Main Results:

Identified erythroid-specific transcription factor binding sites within conserved non-coding elements at the GFI1B locus.
Observed close spatial conformation between GFI1B promoter and regulatory elements in expressing cells.
Found open chromatin, activating histone modifications, and transcription factor/co-repressor binding at these sites.

Conclusions:

GFI1B regulatory elements function as both activators and repressors.
Continuous activation and repression of GFI1B are necessary for precise protein level control.
A model of auto-regulation is proposed where rising GFI1B levels lead to repression via binding to its own regulatory elements.