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Second-harmonic generation at Lyman-alpha in atomic hydrogen.

L Marmet, K Hakuta, B P Stoicheff

    Optics Letters
    |September 24, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Second-harmonic generation in atomic hydrogen was observed even without an applied electric field. This effect arises from a charge-separation field generated by ions from three-photon ionization.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic physics
    • Nonlinear optics
    • Quantum mechanics

    Background:

    • Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process.
    • Atomic hydrogen is a fundamental system for studying atomic processes.
    • Two-photon resonance enhances nonlinear interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate SHG in atomic hydrogen.
    • Examine the influence of an applied electric field on SHG.
    • Understand the origin of observed SHG at zero field.

    Main Methods:

    • Tuning laser radiation to the 2S-1S two-photon resonance in atomic hydrogen.
    • Applying an external electric field.
    • Measuring second-harmonic radiation intensity.
    • Calculating ion density and charge-separation field.

    Main Results:

    • Second-harmonic radiation at 121.6 nm was observed even at zero applied electric field.
    • The intensity of SHG is attributed to a charge-separation field.
    • This field is caused by ions produced via three-photon ionization.
    • Calculated SHG intensity matches measured values based on ion density.

    Conclusions:

    • A charge-separation field in atomic hydrogen can drive second-harmonic generation.
    • Three-photon ionization plays a crucial role in this process.
    • SHG in atomic hydrogen is observable without external fields under specific conditions.

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