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Centrosome Duplication

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...

Centrosome Duplication

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...

Spindle Assembly

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...

The Mitotic Spindle

The Mitotic Spindle

The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

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Aurora A, centrosome structure, and the centrosome cycle.

Kara B Lukasiewicz¹, Wilma L Lingle

¹Section on Cell Cycle Regulation, Program in Cellular Regulation and Metabolism, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis

|September 24, 2009

Summary

Proper regulation of the cell cycle ensures each daughter cell receives one centrosome. Disruptions, like those involving Aurora A kinase, can lead to centrosome amplification and cancer.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

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Published on: September 20, 2019

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

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Published on: December 20, 2014

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Published on: March 3, 2016

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Cancer Biology

Background:

The centrosome, the cell's primary microtubule organizing center, is crucial for cell division.
Its duplication and function are tightly regulated with the cell cycle to ensure genomic stability.
Dysregulation, particularly centrosome amplification, is linked to cancer development and chromosomal instability.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of mitosis-specific kinases in regulating the centrosome cycle.
To understand the specific involvement of Aurora A kinase in centrosome duplication and cell cycle progression.
To explore the consequences of Aurora A overexpression on centrosome number and cellular transformation.

Main Methods:

Analysis of centrosome cycle regulation during mitosis.
Investigating the localization and activity of Aurora A kinase.
Studying the effects of Aurora A overexpression on centrosome amplification and cellular transformation.

Main Results:

Phosphorylation is a key mechanism coordinating the cell and centrosome cycles.
Aurora A kinase localizes to centrosomes during mitosis and its overexpression causes centrosome amplification.
Aurora A activity is controlled by phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation, impacting its role in cell division.

Conclusions:

Aurora A kinase is a critical regulator of the centrosome cycle and its proper function is essential for preventing centrosome amplification.
Aberrant Aurora A activity contributes to genomic instability and cellular transformation, highlighting its role in cancer.
Targeting Aurora A may offer therapeutic strategies for cancers associated with centrosome amplification.