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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...

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Inflammation induced by Bothrops asper venom.

Catarina Teixeira1, Yara Cury, Vanessa Moreira

  • 1Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, CEP 05503-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. cteixeir@usp.br

Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
|September 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bothrops asper snake venom causes significant inflammation and pain. This review summarizes the mediators and molecular mechanisms behind this venom-induced inflammatory response.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Snakebite envenomation, particularly from viperine and crotaline species like Bothrops asper, is characterized by significant inflammation.
  • Bothrops asper venom induces a pronounced inflammatory response and pain at the injection site in both humans and animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the inflammatory reaction and pain triggered by Bothrops asper venom.
  • To summarize experimental studies on venom action and the involved chemical mediators.
  • To present the molecular mechanisms underlying this venom-induced inflammatory response.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental studies on Bothrops asper venom.
  • Analysis of chemical mediators involved in the inflammatory cascade.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms of toxins, including phospholipases A2, metalloproteinases, and serine proteinases.

Main Results:

  • Bothrops asper venom triggers a complex inflammatory reaction involving a network of chemical mediators.
  • Specific toxins like phospholipases A2, metalloproteinases, and serine proteinases contribute to the inflammatory and nociceptive properties of the venom.
  • Molecular mechanisms orchestrating the inflammatory response have been elucidated through various studies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the inflammatory and pain mechanisms of Bothrops asper venom is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Isolated toxins serve as valuable tools for dissecting the complex actions of the whole venom.
  • Further research into the molecular basis of envenomation can inform therapeutic strategies against snakebite.