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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke
Published on: February 12, 2015
The impact of secondhand smoke during pregnancy
1Yankton Medical Clinic, PC, South Dakota, USA.
Abstract:
No one disputes the adverse effects of smoking. Pregnant women should not smoke, as study after study proves the serious damage done by exposure to tobacco. Understanding the deadly effects of secondhand smoke has led to legislation by countries and individual states in the United States. Around the world, countries including England, Ireland, Italy, France and Uruguay have banned smoking from all public places. In the United States, 26 states to date have adopted comprehensive clean air acts, including Nebraska, Iowa and Minnesota. At the time this article went to print, South Dakota's smoke-free legislation, which will ban smoking in all indoor public places except smoke shops, existing cigar bars and lodging rooms, was to take effect July 1, 2009.
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