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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP02:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP

Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or histone proteins. It also helps determine the type of histone modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.
Types of ChIP
ChIP can be divided into two types - X-ChIP and N-ChIP. X-ChIP involves in vivo cross-linking of histones and regulatory proteins to DNA, fragmenting the DNA by sonication, and isolating the protein-DNA...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Flow Cytometry01:23

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
In...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

The Use of Flow Cytometry to Assess the State of Chromatin in T Cells
11:01

The Use of Flow Cytometry to Assess the State of Chromatin in T Cells

Published on: December 17, 2015

Chromatin flow cytometry identifies changes in epigenetic cell states.

Nadine Obier1, Albrecht M Müller

  • 1Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research, University of Würzburg, Germany.

Cells, Tissues, Organs
|September 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary

We developed flow cytometry protocols to measure histone modifications in single cells. This technique rapidly analyzes chromatin marks and epigenetic changes in cell populations.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

The Use of Flow Cytometry to Assess the State of Chromatin in T Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Histone modifications are crucial regulators of gene expression.
  • Analyzing these marks at a single-cell level provides deeper biological insights.
  • Current methods can be time-consuming or lack single-cell resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and validate flow cytometry protocols for quantifying histone modifications.
  • To enable simultaneous analysis of chromatin marks with other cellular features.
  • To demonstrate the utility of this method in studying epigenetic changes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of quantitative flow cytometry protocols.
  • Application to mouse embryonic stem cells.
  • Analysis of histone acetylation and methylation levels.

Main Results:

  • Successfully quantified diverse histone modifications on a single-cell basis.
  • Demonstrated rapid, simultaneous analysis of chromatin marks.
  • Identified changes in epigenetic marks in response to drug treatment and differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Chromatin flow cytometry is a powerful tool for single-cell epigenetics.
  • This method facilitates the study of dynamic changes in histone modifications.
  • Enables high-throughput analysis of epigenetic states in various biological contexts.