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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid. The...
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers02:30

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers

A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral molecules or media. Racemic mixtures are denoted by the (±)- prefix. This ‘optical rotation descriptor’ applies to the whole solution of a racemic mixture rather than a specific stereoisomer. Enantiomers typically have the same physical and chemical properties. Hence, they are not easily separable. However, enantiomers can exhibit different...
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality
08:07

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality

Published on: March 11, 2022

Thin-wire scatterers in chiral media.

D L Jaggard, J C Liu, A Grot

    Optics Letters
    |September 25, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Chiral material handedness influences differential scattering. Thin wires are classified as subchiral, chiral, or superchiral based on host material chirality and wire electromagnetic length.

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    A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality
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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Electromagnetism

    Background:

    • Chirality in materials affects electromagnetic wave interactions.
    • Understanding scattering phenomena is crucial for designing advanced optical and electronic devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how the handedness of chiral materials impacts the differential scattering cross section of embedded conducting wires.
    • To elucidate the physical principles behind bow-tie-shaped induced current distributions and radiation forbidden zones.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical examination of electromagnetic wave scattering by conducting wires within chiral environments.
    • Analysis of induced current distributions and their radiative properties.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a direct relationship between material handedness and scattering cross section.
    • Identified bow-tie current distributions leading to specific radiation characteristics.
    • Established a classification system for thin-wire scatterers (subchiral, chiral, superchiral).

    Conclusions:

    • The degree of chirality in the host material and the wire's electromagnetic length determine the scattering behavior.
    • Thin-wire scatterers exhibit distinct classes based on chirality and electromagnetic properties.