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Spongy Bone

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...

Fractures: Bone Repair

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

Classification of Bones

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...

Compact Bone

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...

Bone Structure

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Less-Invasive Technique for Non-stabilized Mandibular Fracture in Mouse Models

Less-Invasive Technique for Non-stabilized Mandibular Fracture in Mouse Models

Published on: September 27, 2024

Trabecular pattern in the mandible as bone fracture predictor.

Grethe Jonasson¹, Torgny Alstad, Flor Vahedi

¹Research and Development Center in Southern Alvsborg County, Borås, Sweden. grethe.jonasson@gmail.com

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics

|September 26, 2009

Summary

Sparse trabeculation in the jawbone is a significant indicator of increased fracture risk. This finding suggests dentists can identify at-risk individuals before fractures occur.

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Less-Invasive Technique for Non-stabilized Mandibular Fracture in Mouse Models

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Imaging of the Microstructural Failure Mechanism in the Human Hip

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Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

Oral radiology
Bone densitometry
Geriatric medicine

Background:

Mandibular bone texture analysis offers a potential non-invasive method for assessing systemic health.
Trabecular patterns within the jawbone may reflect bone quality and fracture susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the association between mandibular trabecular pattern and fracture risk.
To determine if mandibular bone texture can serve as a predictor for fractures.

Main Methods:

Intraoral radiographs of 274 individuals (aged 50-87) were analyzed.
Trabeculation patterns (sparse, alternating, dense) and bone texture were classified.
Statistical analysis, including logistic regression, was performed to assess fracture risk.

Main Results:

Sparse trabeculation was significantly associated with a higher incidence of reported fractures (48% vs. 19% and 2%).
Sparse trabeculation (OR=5.9) and poorer bone texture (OR=2.2) independently predicted increased fracture risk.
The association was particularly pronounced in individuals aged 75 and older (OR=7.1).

Conclusions:

A sparse alveolar trabecular pattern is linked to elevated fracture risk.
Dentists can potentially utilize mandibular trabeculation patterns to identify individuals at high risk for fractures.
This radiographic assessment may aid in proactive fracture prevention strategies.