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Female stone disease: the changing trend.
Y M Fazil Marickar1, Adarsh Vijay
1Department of Surgery, Zensa Hospital, Trivandrum, 695 009, India. fazilmarickar@hotmail.com
Urological Research
|September 26, 2009
Summary
Female urolithiasis incidence increased significantly over 37 years due to rising urinary calcium and oxalate, and decreasing magnesium. Changes in lifestyle and diet are suspected causes for this trend in kidney stones.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Nephrology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Female urolithiasis (kidney stones) incidence has shown concerning trends.
- Understanding biochemical changes is crucial for managing stone disease in women.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess changes in the incidence and biochemical patterns of female urolithiasis from 1971-2008.
- To elucidate potential causes for observed trends in female kidney stone formation.
Main Methods:
- Prospective descriptive clinical study of 8,590 stone patients.
- Analysis of urine and serum metabolic parameters, including calcium, oxalate, magnesium, and citrate.
- Longitudinal tracking of stone incidence and biochemical markers over 37 years.
Main Results:
- A significant increase in female urolithiasis incidence (P < 0.001) was observed.
- Increased urinary calcium and oxalate excretion, coupled with decreased urinary magnesium, were noted.
- Higher calcium:magnesium ratio and increased serum phosphorus and magnesium were significant findings.
Conclusions:
- Decreased urinary magnesium and increased calcium and oxalate excretion likely contribute to rising female urolithiasis.
- Changes in living standards and dietary habits may be driving these biochemical shifts.
- Further research into lifestyle factors is warranted to prevent kidney stones in women.
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