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Related Concept Videos

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

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Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
11:34

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Published on: August 9, 2019

Structure and function of regulatory RNA elements: ribozymes that regulate gene expression.

William G Scott1, Monika Martick, Young-In Chi

  • 1Center for the Molecular Biology of RNA, Sinsheimer Laboratory, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. wgscott@chemistry.ucsc.edu

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|September 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Naturally occurring ribozymes perform diverse functions, including RNA splicing and processing. Newly discovered ribozymes embedded in messenger RNA regulate gene expression, prompting investigation into their mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Naturally occurring ribozymes, discovered in the 1980s, exhibit diverse catalytic functions.
  • Functional classes include RNA splicing enzymes (Group I/II introns), RNA processing enzymes (RNase P), and the ribosome's peptidyl transferase center.
  • Small, self-cleaving genomic ribozymes (hammerhead, hairpin, HDV, VS) are also known.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the regulatory roles of recently identified ribozymes embedded within messenger RNA (mRNA) untranslated regions.
  • To investigate the switching mechanisms of hammerhead ribozymes found in mammalian mRNAs, particularly in light of mammalian riboswitch discoveries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ribozyme classification and function.
  • Analysis of recent structural data concerning embedded hammerhead ribozymes.
  • Comparative analysis of prokaryotic and mammalian ribozyme regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Ribozymes are classified into distinct functional groups based on their catalytic activities.
  • Emerging evidence highlights ribozymes embedded in mRNA untranslated regions as regulators of translational expression.
  • Prokaryotic glmS ribozyme and mammalian hammerhead ribozymes represent novel classes of gene expression regulators.
  • Recent structural findings offer insights into the potential switching mechanisms of these embedded ribozymes.

Conclusions:

  • Ribozymes play multifaceted roles in cellular processes, extending to gene expression regulation.
  • Embedded ribozymes, particularly hammerhead variants in mammals, represent a significant area for future research into gene regulation.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for deciphering complex gene expression networks.