Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Importance of targeting post-prandial hyperglycaemia to achieve HbA1c goals in insulin glargine-treated subphenotypes of type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2025

Same author

Severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in adults presenting to a hospital emergency department: Adverse prognostic markers for survival in type 2 diabetes and the role of SGLT2 inhibitors.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association·2024

Same author

Effects of atmospheric pressure change during flight on insulin pump delivery and glycaemic control of pilots with insulin-treated diabetes: an in vitro simulation and a retrospective observational real-world study.

Diabetologia·2024

Same author

Young adult-onset type 2 diabetes heralds a poor prognosis.

The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology·2024

Same author

Diabetes and Driving: A Statement of the American Diabetes Association.

Diabetes care·2024

Same author

Responses to Basal Insulin Glargine (300 U/mL and 100 U/mL) with or Without Pre-prandial Insulin in Pre-treated Subphenotypes of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights from a Post Hoc Analysis.

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders·2024

Same journal

Development and psychometric evaluation of the type 2 diabetes nutrition therapy adherence scale.

Primary care diabetes·2026

Same journal

Navigating the digital health landscape in U.S. adults with diabetes.

Primary care diabetes·2026

Same journal

Level of interprofessional collaboration and mortality in Type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care: Methodological considerations and recommendations for interpretation.

Primary care diabetes·2026

Same journal

Stability of commonly used sleep questionnaires in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in primary care.

Primary care diabetes·2026

Same journal

Hidden metabolic risk in erectile dysfunction: Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

Primary care diabetes·2026

Same journal

HFpEF due to type 2 diabetes: An Exercise-Induced and Still Controversial Syndrome.

Primary care diabetes·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Published on: January 26, 2024

Hypoglycaemia: an overview.

Alex J Graveling¹, Brian M Frier

¹Department of Diabetes, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, United Kingdom.

Primary Care Diabetes

|September 29, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hypoglycaemia, a common diabetes complication from insulin and sulfonylureas, poses serious risks and hinders blood sugar control. Its management is resource-intensive, impacting daily life and treatment intensification.

More Related Videos

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Published on: January 26, 2024

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolic Disorders
Pharmacology

Background:

Hypoglycaemia is a frequent adverse effect of insulin and sulfonylurea therapy in diabetes management.
It can lead to serious morbidity, impaired awareness, and counterregulatory deficiency, complicating treatment intensification.
Rapid HbA1c reduction may induce adverse cardiovascular effects in type 2 diabetes due to hypoglycaemia.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the significant risks and challenges associated with hypoglycaemia in diabetes treatment.
To discuss the impact of hypoglycaemia on patient quality of life and daily activities.
To underscore the resource-intensive nature of hypoglycaemia risk reduction measures.

Main Methods:

Literature review on the complications and management of hypoglycaemia in diabetes.
Analysis of the impact of hypoglycaemia on glycaemic control and cardiovascular health.
Examination of the practical and resource implications of preventing hypoglycaemia.

Main Results:

Hypoglycaemia frequently occurs with insulin and sulfonylureas, causing significant morbidity.
Fear of hypoglycaemia and associated syndromes impede optimal diabetes management.
Hypoglycaemia negatively affects daily activities like driving and work, and rapid HbA1c lowering poses cardiovascular risks.

Conclusions:

Hypoglycaemia is a major barrier to effective diabetes treatment, impacting patient safety and quality of life.
Preventing and managing hypoglycaemia requires significant resources and careful consideration of treatment intensification.
Further research and strategies are needed to mitigate the risks associated with hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients.