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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Blinding01:11

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
Ethics and Bioethics01:22

Ethics and Bioethics

Ethics is a philosophical study of moral actions. Ethics attempts to determine what is valuable for individuals and society. It examines the rational justification of moral judgments and analyzes what is morally just, fair, and right. Bioethics is a sub-discipline of applied ethics that analyzes the philosophical, social, and legal issues in life sciences and medicine. Ethical theories serve as a foundation for decision-making and represent the viewpoints from which people seek direction. They...

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
14:32

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

Trials, tricks and transparency: how disclosure rules affect clinical knowledge.

Matthias Dahm1, Paula González, Nicolás Porteiro

  • 1Departamento de Economía, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain. matthias.dahm@urv.cat

Journal of Health Economics
|September 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Pharmaceutical firms face incentives for selective reporting of clinical trial data. A compulsory registry and voluntary database can ensure transparency, but may deter future trials.

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In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
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In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

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Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
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In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
09:09

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Clinical Trial Transparency
  • Regulatory Science

Background:

  • Selective reporting of clinical trial results by pharmaceutical companies necessitates greater transparency.
  • Existing regulatory frameworks may not fully address the incentives for biased reporting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical framework explaining incentives for selective reporting of clinical trial results.
  • To derive implications for regulatory strategies aimed at enhancing clinical trial transparency.

Main Methods:

  • Economic modeling to represent pharmaceutical firms' incentives.
  • Analysis of regulatory interventions including compulsory registries and voluntary databases.

Main Results:

  • Full transparency (registry + database) is achievable but may reduce firms' motivation to conduct trials.
  • A voluntary results database alone is theoretically superior but may require supplementary compulsory registries.
  • Compulsory registries are supported when medical decision-makers have imperfect foresight regarding trial conduct.

Conclusions:

  • Regulatory strategies must balance the need for transparency with the potential impact on trial initiation.
  • A combination of compulsory and voluntary measures may be optimal under specific market conditions.
  • Further research into decision-maker behavior and its interaction with regulatory design is warranted.