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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice
12:12

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice

Published on: February 14, 2017

Double mitral valve imaging.

Ozcan Ozeke1, Cemal Ozbakir, Emre Nuri Gunel

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Akay Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. ozcanozeke@gmail.com

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography
|September 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Double-orifice mitral valve is a rare heart anomaly. This study presents a case of apparent mitral valve duplication caused by an echocardiographic artifact, not a true anatomical variation.

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Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in the Rabbit Model
14:46

Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in the Rabbit Model

Published on: June 1, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice
12:12

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice

Published on: February 14, 2017

Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in the Rabbit Model
14:46

Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in the Rabbit Model

Published on: June 1, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Double-orifice mitral valve is an uncommon congenital heart anomaly characterized by two openings into the left ventricle from a single annulus.
  • It is typically classified into eccentric (hole) or central (bridge) types, with a rare 'duplicate mitral valve' subtype involving separate annuli.
  • Echocardiographic artifacts can sometimes mimic cardiac anomalies, necessitating careful interpretation.

Observation:

  • The authors describe a case where echocardiography suggested a duplicated mitral valve.
  • This appearance was found to be caused by an ultrasound beam refraction artifact.
  • The artifact created a mirror image, mimicking a second mitral valve.

Findings:

  • The study identified an echocardiographic artifact simulating mitral valve duplication.
  • This artifact resulted from the refraction of the ultrasound beam.
  • The mitral valve itself was anatomically normal, not a true double-orifice or duplicate valve.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of recognizing and differentiating echocardiographic artifacts from genuine cardiac malformations.
  • Emphasizes the need for critical evaluation of imaging findings, especially in rare or unusual presentations.
  • Contributes to the understanding of potential imaging pitfalls in echocardiography of the mitral valve.