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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

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Related Experiment Video

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Optimized Interferon-gamma ELISpot Assay to Measure T Cell Responses in the Guinea Pig Model after Vaccination
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Interferon gamma release assays: principles and practice.

Ajit Lalvani1, Manish Pareek

  • 1Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. a.lalvani@imperial.ac.uk

Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica
|September 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) offer improved specificity over the tuberculin skin test for detecting latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). These blood tests, ELISpot and ELISA, aid in diagnosing TB and managing at-risk populations.

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Published on: March 24, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Mycobacterial genomics and cellular research have advanced significantly.
  • Two new blood tests, ELISpot and ELISA, have been developed to detect latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).
  • These tests are known as interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and specificity of IGRAs compared to traditional methods.
  • To highlight the impact of IGRAs on clinical practice and patient management.
  • To review recent developments and future directions in IGRA technology.

Main Methods:

  • IGRAs detect interferon (IFN)-gamma release in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens.
  • ELISpot enumerates IFN-gamma-secreting T cells.
  • ELISA measures IFN-gamma concentration.

Main Results:

  • IGRAs are more specific than the tuberculin skin test (TST) and are not affected by BCG vaccination.
  • ELISpot shows higher sensitivity than TST for LTBI, while ELISA has similar sensitivity.
  • IGRA results correlate with TB exposure and predict progression to active TB.

Conclusions:

  • IGRAs enhance the diagnosis of LTBI, particularly in BCG-vaccinated individuals and those with weakened immunity (e.g., HIV-positive).
  • IGRAs can prevent unnecessary treatment by avoiding false positives from TST.
  • While the role in active TB is less clear, IGRAs may serve as adjunctive diagnostic tools.