Self-focusing and self-defocusing by cascaded second-order effects in KTP

We monitor the induced phase change produced by a cascaded chi((2)):chi((2)) process in KTP near the phase-matching angle on a picosecond 1.06-microm-wavelength beam using the Z-scan technique. This nonlinear refraction is observed to change sign as the crystal is rotated through the phase-match angle in accordance with theory. This theory predicts the maximum small-signal effective nonlinear refractive index of n(eff)(2) congruent with +/-2 x 10(-14) cm(2)/W (+/-1 x 10(-11) esu) for an angle detuning of +/-5 degrees from phase match for this 1-mm-thick crystal with a measured d(eff) of 3.1 pm/V. For a fixed phase mismatch, this n(eff)(2) scales linearly with length and as d(eff)(2) however, for the maximum n(eff)(2) the nonlinear phase distortion becomes sublinear with irradiance for phase shifts near pi/4.