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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
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Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
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Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ due to enhanced cell division. It is an adaptive, controlled response to stimuli such as injury, hormones, or stress, involving mitosis to produce genetically identical cells and support tissue repair and regeneration.Tissue CapacityCertain tissues, including the epidermis, intestinal epithelium, bone marrow, and fibroblasts, have a high potential for hyperplasia. Others, such as bone, cartilage, and smooth muscle, show...

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Adenomatous hyperplasia arising from dual ectopic thyroid.

Hee Jun Kwon1, Sung Min Jin, Sang Hyuk Lee

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
|September 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study reports a rare case of adenomatous hyperplasia arising from dual ectopic thyroid tissue, presenting as a sublingual mass. It highlights the rarity of dual ectopic thyroid and its associated pathologies.

Keywords:
Adenomatous hyperplasiaDual ectopic thyroidLingual thyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Embryology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare embryologic anomaly where thyroid tissue is found outside its normal location.
  • Dual ectopic thyroid is exceptionally rare, with only eleven documented cases in English literature.
  • Adenomatous hyperplasia has not been previously reported in dual ectopic thyroid tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a unique case of adenomatous hyperplasia originating from dual ectopic thyroid tissue.
  • To discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for ectopic thyroid.
  • To review existing literature on ectopic thyroid conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 37-year-old woman with a sublingual mass.
  • Pathologic examination after surgical resection for diagnosis.
  • Literature review on ectopic thyroid diagnosis and treatment.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with a sublingual mass, diagnosed as adenomatous hyperplasia arising from dual ectopic thyroid tissue.
  • This represents the first reported instance of adenomatous hyperplasia in dual ectopic thyroid.
  • The case underscores the potential for rare pathologies in ectopic thyroid tissue.

Conclusions:

  • Dual ectopic thyroid tissue is exceedingly rare, and its association with adenomatous hyperplasia is unprecedented.
  • Ectopic thyroid requires careful diagnosis and management, often involving surgical intervention.
  • This case expands the understanding of potential pathologies associated with ectopic thyroid tissue.