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Related Concept Videos

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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells
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CD46-induced human Treg enhance B-cell responses.

Anja Fuchs1, John P Atkinson, Veronique Fremeaux-Bacchi

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

European Journal of Immunology
|September 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Complement (CD46)-induced regulatory T cells (cTreg) enhance B-cell antibody production via IL-10 and cell contact. Defective cTreg function in CD46 deficiency may explain immunodeficiency in some patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Immunology
  • Immunoregulation

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Treg) modulate immune responses, with distinct thymic-derived (natural) and peripherally induced (adaptive) subsets.
  • Adaptive Treg can be generated by stimulating CD4(+) T cells with CD3 and CD46, termed complement (CD46)-induced regulatory T cells (cTreg).
  • cTreg inhibit T-cell proliferation via IL-10 and exhibit cytotoxic effects, expressing granzyme B.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of cTreg on B-cell functions.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying cTreg-mediated B-cell modulation.
  • To explore the clinical relevance of cTreg dysfunction in CD46-deficient patients.

Main Methods:

  • Co-culture systems involving cTreg and B cells.
  • Analysis of B-cell antibody production.
  • Assessment of T-cell and B-cell function in CD46-deficient individuals.

Main Results:

  • cTreg significantly enhance B-cell antibody production.
  • This enhancement is dependent on both cell-to-cell contact and IL-10 secreted by cTreg.
  • T cells from CD46-deficient patients failed to promote B-cell responses, while CD46-deficient B cells showed normal Ig production.

Conclusions:

  • cTreg play a supportive role in B-cell antibody production.
  • Dysfunctional cTreg in CD46 deficiency may contribute to impaired B-cell responses.
  • This mechanism could explain the common variable immunodeficiency observed in some CD46-deficient patients.