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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management01:22

Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
08:09

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

Preoperative antibiotics before endourologic surgery: current recommendations.

Ranan Dasgupta1, Magnus Grabe

  • 1Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK. ranan.dasgupta@imperial.nhs.uk

Journal of Endourology
|September 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Rational antibiotic use is crucial in surgery to combat resistance. Classifying endourologic procedures by infection risk can guide appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
08:09

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Infectious Disease
  • Surgical Prophylaxis

Background:

  • Antibiotic prophylaxis is standard in modern surgery, aiming to prevent infections.
  • Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health concern, necessitating judicious antibiotic use.
  • Endourologic procedures require careful consideration of antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current guidelines and evidence for antibiotic prophylaxis in endourologic procedures.
  • To advocate for a risk-stratified approach to antibiotic use in these procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis for endourologic procedures.
  • Analysis of existing evidence regarding the efficacy and necessity of antibiotic prophylaxis.

Main Results:

  • Limited evidence currently supports routine antibiotic prophylaxis for all endourologic procedures.
  • Current guidelines may not adequately address the varying infection risks associated with different endourologic procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Subclassification of endourologic procedures based on infection risk is recommended.
  • This stratification can guide more rational and evidence-based antibiotic prophylaxis strategies.
  • Optimizing antibiotic use is essential to preserve efficacy and combat resistance.