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Related Concept Videos

Integrins01:10

Integrins

Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
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Protein Networks

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Simplified Human Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Isolation and Handling
09:43

Simplified Human Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Isolation and Handling

Published on: April 16, 2015

The netrin protein family.

Sathyanath Rajasekharan1, Timothy E Kennedy

  • 1Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.

Genome Biology
|September 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Netrins are guidance proteins essential for embryogenesis, directing cell and axon migration. These secreted proteins act as attractants or repellents, crucial for nervous system development and other cellular functions.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Netrins are a family of extracellular proteins, including secreted and membrane-anchored forms, identified in mammals.
  • Secreted netrins exhibit bifunctional guidance properties, acting as attractants or repellents for various cell types.
  • Netrins play critical roles in embryogenesis, particularly in directing cell and axon migration during nervous system development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the diverse roles of netrins in biological processes.
  • To describe the molecular mechanisms underlying netrin function, including receptor interactions.
  • To highlight the significance of netrins in neural development and other cellular functions.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of different netrin family members (secreted and GPI-anchored).

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Validation of a Mouse Model to Disrupt LINC Complexes in a Cell-specific Manner
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Validation of a Mouse Model to Disrupt LINC Complexes in a Cell-specific Manner

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  • Investigation of netrin receptor interactions, including DCC, DSCAM, and UNC-5 families.
  • Analysis of the chemotropic functions of secreted netrins in axon guidance.

    • Main Results:

    • Three secreted netrins (1, 3, 4) and two GPI-anchored netrins (G1, G2) have been identified.
    • Secreted netrins interact with receptors like DCC, DSCAM, and UNC-5 homologs, mediating attraction or repulsion.
    • Netrin Gs bind to NGL1 and NGL2 to regulate synaptic interactions, distinct from secreted netrin receptors.
    • Netrins function as both short-range and long-range guidance cues for axonal growth cones.

    Conclusions:

    • Netrins are versatile guidance molecules with established roles in cell migration and axon guidance during embryogenesis.
    • Beyond axon guidance, netrins are implicated in cell adhesion, morphology, survival, and tumorigenesis.
    • Understanding netrin signaling pathways is crucial for comprehending developmental processes and potential therapeutic targets.