Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Exploring cathepsin G inhibition by vinyl-based ionic liquids: Insights from lab-on-valve integrated microsequential analysis and molecular docking approaches.

Analytica chimica acta·2026

Same author

A Dual Quantum Dot Fluorescent Probe for Time-Resolved Chemometric Detection of Chloramphenicolin Pharmaceuticals.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid using MPA-capped AgInS₂ quantum dots: A fluorescence-based chemometric approach.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2026

Same author

Molecularly Imprinted Membranes: Dual@MIPs@mbr for On-Site Detection of CA 19-9.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Multi-way calibration strategies involving excitation-emission data measurements from drug-modulated fluorescence in CdTe quantum dots and AgInS<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals.

Analytica chimica acta·2025

Same author

Dual-Emitting Molecularly Imprinted Nanopolymers for the Detection of CA19-9.

Biomedicines·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples

Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples

Published on: August 7, 2016

Liquid-liquid extraction in flow analysis: A critical review.

Cristina I C Silvestre¹, João L M Santos, José L F C Lima

¹REQUIMTE, Serviço de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal.

Analytica Chimica Acta

|September 30, 2009

Summary

Automated continuous flow liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) offers efficient pre-concentration and separation for diverse analytes. This review critically examines various flow-based LLE strategies and their analytical performance in hyphenation with detection techniques.

More Related Videos

A Microfluidic Chip for ICPMS Sample Introduction

A Microfluidic Chip for ICPMS Sample Introduction

Published on: March 5, 2015

A Microfluidic Platform for Precision Small-volume Sample Processing and Its Use to Size Separate Biological Particles with an Acoustic Microdevice

A Microfluidic Platform for Precision Small-volume Sample Processing and Its Use to Size Separate Biological Particles with an Acoustic Microdevice

Published on: November 23, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples

Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples

Published on: August 7, 2016

A Microfluidic Chip for ICPMS Sample Introduction

A Microfluidic Chip for ICPMS Sample Introduction

Published on: March 5, 2015

A Microfluidic Platform for Precision Small-volume Sample Processing and Its Use to Size Separate Biological Particles with an Acoustic Microdevice

A Microfluidic Platform for Precision Small-volume Sample Processing and Its Use to Size Separate Biological Particles with an Acoustic Microdevice

Published on: November 23, 2015

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Separation Science

Background:

Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is a fundamental sample preparation technique.
Automation of LLE is crucial for high-throughput analytical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically review automated continuous flow-based liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) approaches.
To discuss the pre-concentration and separation capabilities of these methods for various analytes.
To evaluate the analytical performance and components of flow-based LLE systems.

Main Methods:

Review of distinct automated continuous flow-based LLE strategies.
Analysis of hyphenation with UV/vis spectrophotometry, atomic spectrometry, and luminescent detection.
Examination of extraction strategies including wetting film, supported liquid membrane, and back extraction.
Discussion of flow manifold components: segmenter, extraction coil, and phase separator.

Main Results:

Flow-based LLE enables efficient pre-concentration and separation of ultra-trace metals, metalloids, phenolic compounds, surfactants, and pharmaceuticals.
Various extraction strategies like zone sampling and iterative reversal techniques are detailed.
Analytical performance is influenced by flow manifold components and extraction schemes.

Conclusions:

Automated continuous flow LLE offers significant advantages for analytical sample preparation.
The review provides a comprehensive overview of system components, selectivity, benefits, and limitations.
Selected applications demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of flow-based LLE methods.