Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

Selectins

Selectins

Cell adhesion is an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Glutathione-Induced In Situ Oxygen Vacancies in FeOOH Nanospindles for Boosting Sonocatalytic Tumor Therapy.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same author

Directly Encrypting DNA Sequences for Secure DNA Storage via Automata Cryptography.

IEEE transactions on nanobioscience·2026

Same author

Quantum-Enhanced Dark Matter Search Using Cat States.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

Intelligent methods in bioinformatics and genomics.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)·2026

Same author

Gut microbiota-GABA axis dysregulation underlies polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP) neurotoxicity in rainbow trout: a role for oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier disruption.

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes·2026

Same author

Gotistobart or docetaxel in metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer: stage 1 of the randomized phase 3 PRESERVE-003 trial.

Nature medicine·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Flow Cytometric Analysis for Identification of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells of Murine Lung

Flow Cytometric Analysis for Identification of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells of Murine Lung

Published on: November 16, 2021

CD24-Siglec G/10 discriminates danger- from pathogen-associated molecular patterns.

Yang Liu¹, Guo-Yun Chen, Pan Zheng

¹Division of Immunotherapy, Section of General Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA. yangl@umich.edu

Trends in Immunology

|September 30, 2009

Summary

The innate immune system uses pattern recognition receptors to detect damage and pathogens. This study proposes that the CD24-Siglec pathway distinguishes between damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns.

More Related Videos

In Situ Detection of Autoreactive CD4 T Cells in Brain and Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextramers

In Situ Detection of Autoreactive CD4 T Cells in Brain and Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextramers

Published on: August 1, 2014

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Flow Cytometric Analysis for Identification of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells of Murine Lung

Flow Cytometric Analysis for Identification of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells of Murine Lung

Published on: November 16, 2021

In Situ Detection of Autoreactive CD4 T Cells in Brain and Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextramers

In Situ Detection of Autoreactive CD4 T Cells in Brain and Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextramers

Published on: August 1, 2014

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology

Background:

The innate immune system recognizes damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors like Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Nod-like receptors (NLRs).
Differential regulation of responses to DAMPs versus PAMPs remains unclear, impacting our understanding of the immune system's primary functions: defense against infection or signaling tissue injury.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the CD24-Siglec pathway in distinguishing between DAMPs and PAMPs.
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying differential immune responses to tissue damage versus infection.

Main Methods:

The study likely involved experiments to analyze the CD24-Siglec pathway's interaction with DAMPs and PAMPs.
Investigating cellular responses mediated by pattern recognition receptors.

Main Results:

The CD24-Siglec axis was recently shown to control the host response to DAMPs.
This pathway is proposed to play a key role in discriminating between DAMPs and PAMPs, suggesting differential immune signaling.

Conclusions:

The CD24-Siglec pathway is a critical regulator in the innate immune system.
This pathway enables the immune system to differentiate between endogenous danger signals and exogenous pathogen threats.